Imihango y'ubwiru

Imihango y'Ubwiru

Mw'Ijambo ry'Ibanze twavuze ko Imihango y'Ubwiru yagiraga abahanga bayo, akagira abafataga amagambo yayo mu mutwe, igihe cyagera bakaaza bakayavuga, mbese nk'uko ahandi babumbuura ibitabo, bagasoma. Turongera tuvuga ko iby'Ubwiru byagenzurwaga n'Abami, bakabishinga Abiru mu nzego zabo uko ziri, ngo hatazagira igitakara cyangwa kigahinduka, ahubwo bikaguma uko Abakurambere baabisize babigennye.
Ubwiru kera nta muntu utari umwiru wabumeyanga amagambo yose. Bwaje kubwirwa Padri Kagame mu mwaka wa 1945, Umwami Mutara Rudahigwa amaze kwumvikana n'Abiru ko ibyo bintu nibitandikwa bizatakara, kubera ko ibihe byari byarahindutse, "kiriziya yarakuye kirazira", nk'uko bivugwa mugani. Abiru baremera, babubwira alexis Kagame, arabwandika, arabubiika. Ngo Abiru bari bavuze ko agomba kubwicarana, kuzageza aho ababumubwiye bose basaaazira, hatagisigaye n'umwe.
Kagame ayo masezerano yarayakomeje. Ariko Rudahigwa amaze gutanga, umuntu amena isanduku ya coffre-fort y'ibwami, yiba copie yari ihabitswe, maze ayishyira abazungu b'abashakashatsi, bitwa Marcel d'Hertefelt na André Coupez. Abo bagabo bashyira Ubwiru mu gifaransa, mu mwaka wa 1964 basohora igitabo, bise "La Royauté sacrée de l'ancien Rwanda", kiri mu kinyarwanda no mu gifaransa. Icyo gitabo rero kirimo Imihango y'Ubwiru 17, ariko Kagame yavuze ko yabwiwe 18. Ngo Umuhango ubuzemo ni uwitwa "Inzira y'Amapfizi". Uwo rero ntawe uzi aho uri, ubwo ni ukuzategereza ko abasigaranye ibintu bya Padri Kagame, nibamara kubitunganya neza, baazaatubwira niba uwo muhango ukiboneka, cyangwa se waratakaye burundu.
Iyo Mihango y'Ubwiru turayishyiraho uko abo bagabo babiri tumaze kuvuga bayanditse, nta kindi turibuhindureho, usibye udukosa dukeya ahaari twagiye tubaciika. Hari nk'aho banditse "imaana" kandi bigaragara neza ko ari "inaama". Aho ni mu Muhango witwa Inzira ya Gicuraasi, aho abo banditsi bagira ngo:
"Umwami rero akazana Ishaako
Akayihagarika ku maana"
Mu gifaransa bakavuga ko iyo "maana" ari "la bête rituelle", bavuga imaana y'inka. Aho rero ubanza abo bashakashatsi baribeshye, ahubwo ari "inaama", kuko mu magambo abanziriza ayo, ari nta maana ivugwa, nta n'ibiikiira ryari ryaaba. Icyo mu Bwiru bavuga gusa ni uko Ishaako iba yabyukiriye ku gikingi cy'irembo. Bati Umwami yaajya kuvuza iyo ngoma y'Ishaako, akayitereka ku naama, ahantu hahagaragara, ngo yumvikane neza, kuko umurishyo wayo ari wo umenyesha icyo Umwami agiye gukora. Ubwo rero birumvikana ko amagambo nyayo ari aya:
"Umwami rero akazana Ishaako
Akayihagarika ku naama"
Ibyo tuzakosoora ni bene ibyo, nta kindi tuzahinduraho, keretse ahari ibyo Padri Kagame yinyandikiye ubwe nibisohoka, tugasanga hari ibitandukanye.
Imihango ya buri mwaka
Imihango y'Ubwiru iri kwinshi: hari iyerekeye iyimika ry'abami n'ishyingura ryabo, hakaba igenewe kugwiza ibyiza igasubya ibibi, ikarumbuura ibyarumbye. Hakaba Umuhango mukuru cyane w'Umuriro wa Gihanga, wakorwaga ku ngoma ya Yuhi, ni ukuvuga buri kinyejana. Hakaba rero n'Imihango ya buri mwaka: Icyunamo cya Gicurazi, Ibirori bya Kamena, n'Umuganura, wo ku kwezi kwa Nyakanga. Iyo uko ari itatu tuzayitoondera neza, turebe uko yakorwaga n'icyo yamaraga. Ibyo ariko tuzabisubiramo mu gice kibigenewe.
Icyunamo cya Gicurasi
Muri iyi nyandiko y'umwanziko turavuga gusa ko icyo cyunamo cyari mu mihango y'ibanze yo mu Nzira ya Gicurasi, maze Kamena yaboneka, bagakora imihango yo gukura icyo cyunamo - bavugaga "Gukura Gicuraasi" - ari byo kwunamuka, cyangwa Icyunamuro. Aho rero baabaga bibuka ibyago byabaye kera cyane, igihe Ntsibura Nyebunga umwami w'i Bunyabungo, na nyina Nyirantsibura, bateera Urwanda, ku ngoma ya Ndahiro Cyamatare, bakarworeka, bakarwubika. Abo bari bafatanyije n'abavandimwe ba Ndahiro, barimo Bamara, n'umuhungu we Byinshi, n'ingabo zabo zitwa nyine Abanyabyinshi. Ngo Urwanda bararuyogooza, abantu barashira, n'abasigaye bakuuka umutima, bata umuco, imihango iribagirana, "ibyiza biratuuba, ibibi biratuubuuka". Ibitekerezo bibivuga ni byinshi, kandi birazwi cyane. Birimo Kavuna-Karyankuna, waturukije wa mugani wo "kuruha uwa Kavuna", n'Abaryankuna be. Abo bantu bari bake, icumi na batandatu, ariko nibo bagerageje gukomeza umutima w'izo ndokoke, kugeza aho Umutabazi azagarukira, agatabaara Urwanda, akarwubura, akarwunamura. Ni we Ruganzu-Mutabazi.
Ibirori bya Kamena
Ayo maaza ya Ruganzu, atabaye Urwanda, ni yo bibuka ku munsi w'inzoora ya Kamena, bagakora imihango myiza cyane yerekeye umucyo no gusohoka mur'iryo curaburindi rya Ntsibura na Byinshi bya Bamara. Iriya Shako tuvuze hejuru, yavugiraga kumenyesha Rubanda ko Umutabazi agiye kuuza, ngo biteguure. Bati "Ejo bundi kare kare!" Ni ukuvuga ngo "Umwami agiye kugaruka, ari mu nzira araje". Iyo mihango ikamara umunsi wose, bwacya bagatangira ibirori byo kwishima no gushimira Imana n'Abakurambere uwo Mutabazi bohereje.
Umuganura
Umuganura wabaga ku kwezi kwa Nyakanga, ukaba umunsi mukuru wo kwibuka amasaka ya mbere yasaruwe mu Rwanda rumaze kwunamuka, akaba rero imyaka ya Ruganzu. Icyo gihe ngo Urwanda rwakoze iminsi mikuru ikomeye, yo gusangira uwo mutsima w'amasaka ya mbere, ariko kwo kuganura. Ku munsi w'iryo ganura, Umwami ubwe ni we utekera Rubanda, mu by'umuhango nyine: akaarika, inkono yaatura agaturira, akavuga umutsima, akagabura, maze Urwanda rwose rugasangira, kivandimwe nyine.
Ng'iyo Imihango ya buri mwaka. Tuzasubiramo neza mu gice cy'Insobanuro z'Inzira, uko zigenda zikurikirana.
Irondo ry'Imihango
1. Inzira ya Gicuraasi
2. Inzira y'Umuganura
3. Inzira y'Umuriro
4. Inzira y'Uubwimika
5. Inzira y'Ishoora
6. Inzira y'Uurwihisho
7. Inzira ya Rukungugu
8. Inzira ya Kivu
9. Inzira y'Umuhiigo
10. Inzira y'Inzuki
11. Inzira ya Muhekenyi
12. Inzira yo Kwasiira
13. Inzira yo Kwambik Ingoma
14. Inzira y'Iinteeko
15. Inzira y'Iinkiiko yabyay 'Umugaru
16. Inzira y'Ikirogoto
17. Inzira y'Urugomo